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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Politics, Culture and Society</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">PCS</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">3108-0545</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Dr. Omair Anas</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.68243/jpcs.2026.v1.i1.000012</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PCS110012</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Making Sense of Ruptures: Facets of Normalized Violence in India</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Chatterjee</surname>
            <given-names>Rusha</given-names>
          </name>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0758-0265</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">Centre for Studies of Plural Societies (CSPS), New Delhi</aff>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-05-09">
        <month>05</month>
        <day>09</day>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>1</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>149</fpage>
      <lpage>158</lpage>
      <abstract>
        <p>The attempt of this essay will be to understand ways in which violence is normalized in
India. The assumption this essay makes is that violence is perceived to be a point of rupture in the
everyday functioning of a society. Despite the abnormalcy, violence emerges as a ritualized and repetitive phenomenon of political lives. There is very little explanation available for why individual
perpetrators engage in violence, with the burden often falling upon the faceless mob. In trying to
understand different approaches to studying violence, the essay attempts to extend the framework
to current times of the internet and social media, where rumor generation and narrative concoction
find an all-embracing presence. The essay reflects upon Shubh Mathur’s ethnographic accounts of
Hindu nationalism in Rajasthan in the early 1990s through the frameworks of the Institutional Riots
System and the role of crowd psychology in mob violence. It draws on the work of Arani Basu to understand the relation between media and violence as it stands today. The essay intends to put across
a case for a framework of assessment, beyond the ecological and sequential models, consisting of
media technologies, everyday social life, and the political structure to explain the basis of violence
that maps out the agency of violence to an individual and not just a mob.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
        <kwd>violence</kwd>
        <kwd>media</kwd>
        <kwd>mob</kwd>
        <kwd>normality</kwd>
        <kwd>perpetrators of violence</kwd>
        <kwd>platform economy</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
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